Morphological evolution during liquid-liquid phase separation governed by composition change pathways

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) phenomenon are widely recognized to be of vital importance for physics, materials science, and biology. It is highly desired develop powerful tools study the LLPS behavior related physical mechanisms. For this purpose, a phase-field method was developed here which combines Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equation Navier-Stokes equation. The morphological evolution with change in composition comprehensively investigated under prototypical ternary theoretical diagram. simulation results indicated that microstructural controlled by diagram driven coupling gravity effect. Moreover, intermediate microstructures corresponding interfacial properties during could tuned selecting different pathways. Furthermore, gravity-dependent density overturning consequent Rayleigh-Taylor instability were observed unique process, demonstrating proposed model can capture critical features phenomenon.